Principles of Digital Communication
Author: Robert G Gallager
The renowned communications theorist Robert Gallager brings his lucid writing style to the study of the fundamental system aspects of digital communication for a one-semester course for graduate students. With the clarity and insight that have characterized his teaching and earlier textbooks, he develops a simple framework and then combines this with careful proofs to help the reader understand modern systems and simplified models in an intuitive yet precise way. A strong narrative and links between theory and practice reinforce this concise, practical presentation. The book begins with data compression for arbitrary sources. Gallager then describes how to modulate the resulting binary data for transmission over wires, cables, optical fibers, and wireless channels. Analysis and intuitive interpretations are developed for channel noise models, followed by coverage of the principles of detection, coding, and decoding. The various concepts covered are brought together in a description of wireless communication, using CDMA as a case study.
Interesting textbook: So You Have to Have a Portfolio or Knowledge Creating Company
Human Resources Scorecard: Measuring the Return on Investment
Author:
'The Human Resources Scorecard: measuring the return on investment' is the first book to provide a comprehensive, step-by-step process for measuring return on investment in human resources programs. Based on the classic ROI definition of earnings divided by investment, the ROI Process developed 20 years ago by co-author Jack J Phillips aids managers in determining and improving the bottom-line impact that human resource programs have on an organization. The ROI Process provides six additional measures in the form of a scorecard to track and monitor the total impact of the human resource programs.
'The Human Resources Scorecard' is essential for human resource executives, professionals, CEOs, CFOs, consultants, professors and other managers concerned with their businesses' bottom lines.
Jack J. Phillips, Ph.D. is a renowned expert of measurement and evaluation. He provides consulting services for Fortune 500 companies and workshops for major conference providers throughout the world. He is also an author or editor of more than 20 books and 100 articles.
Ron D. Stone is vice president and chief consulting officer for Performance Resources Organization. He is also director of the company's consulting practices in measurement and accountability. He has published numerous articles on the subject of ROI.
Patricia Pulliam Phillips is chairman and CEO of the Chelsea Group, a consulting and publishing organization that focuses on accountability issues in organizations. She works with organizations to implement measurement and evaluation processes.
Table of Contents:
Preface | ||
Acknowledgments | ||
Pt. I | The Need for ROI in Human Resources | |
Ch. 1 | The Business Case for ROI | 2 |
Approaches to HR Accountability | 3 | |
Why ROI? | 12 | |
A Credible Approach | 18 | |
Barriers to Implementing the ROI Process | 34 | |
Benefits of Implementing the ROI Process | 36 | |
Final Thoughts | 38 | |
References | 40 | |
Ch. 2 | Initial Analysis and Planning | 42 |
Evaluation: Project Requirements | 43 | |
Level of Objectives for HR Programs | 46 | |
Linking Evaluation with Needs | 52 | |
Planning for Measurement and Evaluation | 57 | |
Shortcut Ways to Plan for the Evaluation | 62 | |
Final Thoughts | 64 | |
Further Reading | 64 | |
Pt. II | The ROI Process, Step-by-Step | |
Ch. 3 | Collecting Data During HR Program Implementation | 68 |
Measuring Reaction and Satisfaction | 69 | |
Measuring Skill and Knowledge Changes | 83 | |
Conclusion | 98 | |
Ch. 4 | Collecting Data After HR Program Implementation | 100 |
Measuring Application and Implementation | 100 | |
Capturing Business Impact Data | 140 | |
Selecting the Appropriate Method for Each Level | 163 | |
Shortcut Ways to Capture Business Impact Data | 165 | |
Conclusion | 167 | |
Ch. 5 | Isolating the Effects of an HR Program | 168 |
Preliminary Issues | 169 | |
The Ten Strategies | 171 | |
Using the Strategies | 194 | |
Conclusion | 195 | |
References | 195 | |
Ch. 6 | Converting Data to Monetary Value | 197 |
Preliminary Issues | 198 | |
Strategies for Converting Data to Monetary Values | 200 | |
Converting Output Data to Contribution | 200 | |
Calculating the Cost of Quality | 203 | |
Converting Employee Time | 204 | |
Historical Costs | 205 | |
Internal and External Experts' Input | 205 | |
Values from External Databases | 206 | |
Participant Estimates | 207 | |
Supervisor Estimates | 208 | |
Senior Manager Estimates | 209 | |
HR Staff Estimates | 210 | |
Selecting the Appropriate Strategy | 210 | |
Accuracy and Credibility of Data | 211 | |
Conclusion | 214 | |
References | 215 | |
Ch. 7 | Monitoring the Cost of Human Resource Programs | 216 |
Cost Strategies | 217 | |
Major Cost Categories | 222 | |
Cost Accumulation and Estimation | 226 | |
Summary | 232 | |
Reference | 232 | |
Ch. 8 | Calculating the Actual Return on Investment | 233 |
Basic Issues | 234 | |
Benefit/Cost Ratio | 235 | |
ROI Formula | 236 | |
BCR/ROI Case Application | 237 | |
Other ROI Measures | 241 | |
Utility Analysis | 243 | |
Consequences of Not Providing an HR Solution | 244 | |
ROI Issues | 245 | |
Conclusion | 248 | |
References | 248 | |
Ch. 9 | Identifying Intangible Measures | 249 |
Key Issues | 250 | |
Employee Satisfaction | 252 | |
Employee Withdrawal | 254 | |
Customer Service | 256 | |
Team Effectiveness Measures | 257 | |
Conclusion | 260 | |
References | 260 | |
Ch. 10 | Communicating Results | 261 |
Why Be Concerned About Communicating Results? | 262 | |
Principles of Communicating Results | 264 | |
A Model for Communicating Results | 266 | |
Shortcut Ways to Provide Feedback and Communicate with Clients | 298 | |
Final Thoughts | 299 | |
Pt. III | Important Issues with ROI Implementation | |
Ch. 11 | Forecasting the ROI | 302 |
Why Forecast ROI? | 302 | |
The Tradeoffs of Forecasting | 304 | |
Pre-Project ROI Forecasting | 306 | |
Forecasting ROI with Reaction Data | 314 | |
Forecasting ROI with Learning Data | 319 | |
Forecasting ROI with Application of Skills and Competencies | 322 | |
ROI at Level 4: Business Results | 325 | |
Shortcut Ways to Forecast ROI | 325 | |
Final Thoughts | 326 | |
Ch. 12 | Implementation Issues | 327 |
Planning the Implementation | 327 | |
Preparing the HR Staff | 337 | |
Initiating the ROI Process | 343 | |
Management Team | 346 | |
Monitoring Progress and Communicating Results | 350 | |
Conclusion | 350 | |
References | 351 | |
Pt. IV | Case Applications | |
Ch. 13 | Sexual Harassment Prevention (Healthcare Inc.) | 354 |
Background | 355 | |
Events Leading to Program | 355 | |
The Program: Design, Development, and Implementation | 356 | |
Why ROI? | 357 | |
Data Collection | 358 | |
ROI Analysis | 360 | |
ROI Analysis Plan | 361 | |
Reaction and Learning Data | 363 | |
On-the-Job Application | 363 | |
Business Impact | 364 | |
Program Costs | 367 | |
Monetary Benefits from Program | 368 | |
Program Costs | 370 | |
ROI Calculation | 371 | |
Questions for Discussion | 372 | |
Ch. 14 | Competency-Based Pay System (National Crushed Stone Company) | 373 |
Background | 373 | |
Competency-Based Pay | 374 | |
ROI Drivers | 375 | |
Development and Implementation | 376 | |
Evaluation Methodology | 377 | |
Control Group Selection | 377 | |
Evaluation Planning | 378 | |
Results: Reaction and Learning | 381 | |
Application/Use | 381 | |
Business Impact | 384 | |
Program Costs | 386 | |
Intangible Benefits | 387 | |
Forecast Value | 389 | |
Questions for Discussion | 389 | |
Ch. 15 | Absenteeism Reduction Program (Metro Transit Authority) | 390 |
Background | 390 | |
Causes of Problems and Solutions | 391 | |
Objectives of the Initiatives | 392 | |
Data Collection | 393 | |
Isolating the Effects of the Initiatives | 395 | |
Converting Data to Monetary Values | 397 | |
Costs for Initiatives | 399 | |
Results: Reaction, Learning, and Application | 400 | |
Business Impact | 400 | |
Monetary Benefits | 401 | |
Costs | 402 | |
ROI Calculation | 403 | |
Questions for Discussion | 403 | |
Ch. 16 | Stress Management (Midwest Electric Inc.) | 404 |
Background | 404 | |
Program Planning and Design | 407 | |
Program Results | 419 | |
Questions for Discussion | 438 | |
Ch. 17 | Safety Incentive Program (National Steel) | 439 |
Background | 439 | |
A Performance Problem | 440 | |
The Needs Assessment | 440 | |
The HR Solution | 441 | |
The Measure of Success | 441 | |
The Incentive Plan | 442 | |
Implementation of the Incentive Plan | 442 | |
Cost Monitoring | 443 | |
Data Collection and Analysis | 443 | |
Data Interpretation and Conclusion | 446 | |
Calculating the Return on Investment | 447 | |
Communication of Results | 447 | |
Questions for Discussion | 448 | |
Ch. 18 | Executive Leadership Development (Imperial National Bank) | 449 |
Background | 449 | |
Initiation of the Leadership Development Program | 450 | |
Data Collection Plan | 452 | |
Reaction and Learning | 457 | |
Application | 459 | |
Business Impact | 461 | |
Program Costs | 463 | |
ROI Analysis | 469 | |
Intangible Benefits | 472 | |
Results | 474 | |
Questions for Discussion | 475 | |
Ch. 19 | Technology-Based Learning (United Petroleum International) | 477 |
Background | 478 | |
Designing and Implementing the Solutions | 479 | |
The Technology Learning Competency Program (TLC) | 480 | |
Measurement Methods and Data Analysis | 481 | |
ROI Model and Process | 482 | |
The Data Collection Plan and ROI Analysis Plan | 483 | |
Levels 1 and 2 Data | 486 | |
Levels 3 and 4 Data | 486 | |
Isolating the Effects | 488 | |
Design and Implementation Costs | 489 | |
Levels 3 and 4 Results | 491 | |
ROI Results | 492 | |
Intangible Benefits | 492 | |
Learning Issues from the Study | 493 | |
Reporting to Stakeholder Groups | 494 | |
Questions for Discussion | 495 | |
Self-Test: How Results-Oriented Are Your Human Resources Programs? | 496 | |
Index | 505 |
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